Which type of lines run from the ship to control the ship's backward movement?

The correct choice refers to the aft spring lines, which are essential in controlling a ship's backward movement, especially during docking and undocking maneuvers. Aft spring lines are positioned to hold the ship in place and prevent it from moving further backward as other forces act on it, such as wind or currents. By strategically using the aft spring lines, a ship can not only control its forward and backward movement but can also pivot about its mooring point, effectively managing its position alongside a dock.

In practice, the use of aft spring lines allows for a more precise adjustment of the ship’s position, ensuring it can be maneuvered safely in tight areas. This makes them particularly valuable in busy harbors or when engaging with terminal infrastructures.

Other types of lines mentioned serve different purposes. Mooring lines are mainly used to secure the ship to the dock in a stable manner. Forward spring lines help control the ship's forward movement when docking or departing. Breast lines are used to keep a ship positioned parallel to the dock but do not primarily control backward movement. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for effective seamanship and safe vessel operations.